{"id":14878,"date":"2016-12-06T15:15:00","date_gmt":"2016-12-06T19:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/caribbeanclimatehub.org\/?post_type=portfolio&#038;p=14878"},"modified":"2019-05-06T12:06:12","modified_gmt":"2019-05-06T16:06:12","slug":"permaculture-soil-water-conservation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/caribbeanclimatehub.org\/projects\/adapta-climate-adaptation-project\/permaculture-soil-water-conservation\/","title":{"rendered":"Permaculture, Soil &#038; Water Conservation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ifqcny-c683cab5749883e1f1cb16a1f03270dd\">\n.avia-section.av-ifqcny-c683cab5749883e1f1cb16a1f03270dd .av-parallax .av-parallax-inner{\nbackground-repeat:no-repeat;\nbackground-image:url(https:\/\/caribbeanclimatehub.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/AdaptaWaterHeader1920.png);\nbackground-position:0% 100%;\nbackground-attachment:scroll;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-ifqcny-c683cab5749883e1f1cb16a1f03270dd main_color avia-section-no-padding avia-no-shadow  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_submenu  avia-builder-el-first  av-parallax-section avia-bg-style-parallax av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-custom  container_wrap fullsize'  data-section-bg-repeat='no-repeat' data-av_minimum_height_px='200'><div class='av-parallax' data-avia-parallax-ratio='0.3' ><div class='av-parallax-inner main_color avia-full-stretch'><\/div><\/div><div class='container av-section-cont-open' style='height:200px'><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-14878'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jurcjgfu-de724e698a892b46490a9cec809474c1\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-jurcjgfu-de724e698a892b46490a9cec809474c1{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-jurcjgfu-de724e698a892b46490a9cec809474c1 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-jurcjgfu-de724e698a892b46490a9cec809474c1 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-jurcjgfu-de724e698a892b46490a9cec809474c1 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Permaculture, Soil <span class='special_amp'>&amp;<\/span> Water Conservation<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div class='clear'><\/div><div id='sub_menu1'  class='av-submenu-container av-jvbakf25-af36e2ec34b619cab99dc0be29438e7b header_color  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_one_third  av-sticky-submenu submenu-not-first container_wrap fullsize' style='z-index:301' ><div class='container av-menu-mobile-disabled av-submenu-pos-center'><ul id='av-custom-submenu-1' class='av-subnav-menu'>\n<li class='menu-item av-1m97pvi-933b0b6861ea787f278c4e15c7029a2d menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-1'><a href='https:\/\/caribbeanclimatehub.org\/projects\/' ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>Projects<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class='menu-item av-18bo5vi-2eeec2df28a5538f8516cc3f334a7ce0 menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-2'><a href='https:\/\/caribbeanclimatehub.org\/projects\/adapta-climate-adaptation-project\/' ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>ADAPTA<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class='sticky_placeholder'><\/div><div id='after_submenu_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-14878'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-377mg4e-6e872eb4d88f3c8a7448384714280a99\">\n.flex_column.av-377mg4e-6e872eb4d88f3c8a7448384714280a99{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-377mg4e-6e872eb4d88f3c8a7448384714280a99 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_submenu  el_before_av_two_third  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-jurd0p7c-31effddc3cf8d4fdd5765f9f4ca16455'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Date<\/strong>: December 2016<\/p>\n<p><strong>Runtime<\/strong>: 11:40<\/p>\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong>: Spanish with English Subtitles<\/p>\n<p>The third ADAPTA video presents soil and water conservation techniques utilized by an ecological farmer to deal with climate related issues in the mountains of Puerto Rico. Filmed at the Siembra Tres Vidas farm in Aibonito, where Daniella Rodr\u00edguez Besosa and a group of farmers grow vegetables, herbs and edible flowers using permaculture techniques and without the use of pesticides or chemical fertilizers.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2qd4666-02e28b28b1fdb8840141930c97b9082d\">\n.flex_column.av-2qd4666-02e28b28b1fdb8840141930c97b9082d{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-2qd4666-02e28b28b1fdb8840141930c97b9082d av_two_third  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding '     ><p><div  class='avia-video av-3bry332-9b47c0391411134f309793db80e56e46 avia-video-16-9 av-no-preview-image avia-video-load-always av-lazyload-immediate av-lazyload-video-embed'  itemprop=\"video\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"  data-original_url='https:\/\/youtu.be\/zs148VNxCpw'><script type='text\/html' class='av-video-tmpl'><div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Permaculture, Soil &amp; Water Conservation for Climate Change Adaptation | ADAPTA Series\" width=\"1500\" height=\"844\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zs148VNxCpw?feature=oembed&autoplay=0&loop=0&controls=1&mute=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><\/script><div class='av-click-to-play-overlay'><div class=\"avia_playpause_icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jurd0yoe-4066ef74f2b9ecfb86e2070002b73b8e'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">ADAPTA | Permaculture, Soil &amp; Water Conservation for Climate Change Adaptation<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jurd35mj-6521cdc32f7008665a03ca03448f51ca\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-jurd35mj-6521cdc32f7008665a03ca03448f51ca{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-jurd35mj-6521cdc32f7008665a03ca03448f51ca hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_toggle_container '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='togglecontainer av-jurd45jc-9d2c972bba4d6396973d7317537f8868  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr  toggle_close_all' >\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-av_toggle-226c227987b5dc2242edb3346b7cc769'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p data-fake-id='#toggle-id-1' class='toggler   '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-1'>Detailed Description<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-1' class='toggle_wrap  '  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p dir=\"ltr\"><b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-14234 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/caribbeanclimatehub.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Titulo-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Titulo\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/caribbeanclimatehub.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Titulo-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/caribbeanclimatehub.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Titulo-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/caribbeanclimatehub.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Titulo-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/caribbeanclimatehub.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Titulo-705x397.jpg 705w, https:\/\/caribbeanclimatehub.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Titulo-450x253.jpg 450w, https:\/\/caribbeanclimatehub.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Titulo.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Permaculture, Soil &amp; Water Conservation for Climate Change Adaptation<\/b> is the third video of the <strong>ADAPTA<\/strong> series developed by the Caribbean Climate Hub, which presents soil and water conservation techniques utilized by an ecological farmer to deal with climate-related issues in the mountains of Puerto Rico.<\/p>\n<p>Climate models are predicting more of these boom-bust rainfall cycles, with more extreme droughts expected in the Caribbean. The good news is that there are measures that farmers can take to reduce the impacts of changing rainfall patterns and increased temperatures!<\/p>\n<p>The aim of <strong>ADAPTA<\/strong> is to educate about climate change effects in the US Caribbean and to provide information of sustainable land management practices that farmers, ranchers, and landowners in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands could adopt to build climate change resilience.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-1gxx57i-5b6098257d795b6b36ee7e57a4bdeaa9'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p data-fake-id='#toggle-id-2' class='toggler   '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-2'>Transcript<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-2' class='toggle_wrap  '  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agriculture contributes to the greenhouse effect. About\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25 % of carbon, 50% of methane and more tan 75% of nitrogen oxide that travel up to the atmosphere is generated by agricultural activity. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This causes great impact on the greenhouse effect that is reflected with changes in rain temperature patterns, which affect agricultural activity. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Permaculture, Soil and Water Conservation facing Climate Change<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">My name is Daniela Rodr\u00edguez Besosa. We are here in \u201cSiembra Tres Vidas\u201d in the \u201cPastos\u201d neighborhood in Aibonito. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This neighborhood is approximately 2,000 feet above sea level. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We are on the border between the north and south of Puerto Rico. We are in the south of Aibonito, which means it\u2019s the dry part of the area.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although this is a cool, mountain region; during the dry season we are affected by the drought because we are in the south. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We are dedicated to ecologically cultivating minor vegetables. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We concentrate mostly on different types of aromatic plants, edible flowers, and different types of lettuce: arugula, mesclun lettuce, and mustard lettuce.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the biggest obstacles we\u2019ve faced has been dealing with climate change.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I\u2019ve only been working in agriculture for 5 years, and I feel like everything I learned in the beginning, I\u2019ve had to forget and relearn because everything has changed. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s affected the way we cultivate, the plants we decide to grow, how we manage nutrients, the work schedule, and how you plan your entire year. Everything is unstable. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We are living such uncertain times: we don\u2019t know when it will rain, don\u2019t know when there\u2019s going to be a drought, don\u2019t know what the temperatures will be.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do I prepare myself for so much uncertainty? I need to program resiliency in this space. \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And how do I program for that? <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Well there are certain practices I can accomplish. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Permaculture<\/strong> has helped me identify those practices and implement them where it\u2019s applicable and necessary in the farm. \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These past two years we\u2019ve witnessed two droughts, and right after, heavy rains like the ones we\u2019re experiencing right now. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is a problem because it makes it hard to find the balance or that stability between those two extremes. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the practices we recommend to face these climate changes is to build ponds to store water for irrigation. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If we don\u2019t have water to irrigate our soil because rain patterns have changed, that forces us to prepare ourselves to have the necessary water available to maintain our crops. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I decided to work with NRCS because in the process of designing the process of permaculture on this farm, I identified that I had a problem with accessing water. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I don\u2019t have a river nearby, a pond, a brook, or a well; anything that one would like to have in a farm. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So I had to find a way to supply myself with water so that we can continue to work our soil. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The pond that we designed has the capacity to store 55,000 gallons of water, which gives her enough water to continuously maintain 2 \u00bd acres of soil for an entire week, until she waits for the next bout of rain to fill the pond. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We are integrating different practices from different agricultural schools. Some of them are: contour farming, polyculture that is using multiple crops in the same space because they help each other in some way. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I have various crops living simultaneously on the top. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example all long this border we have Betty bells, which is a very important plant to control erosion because the roots can grow down to 11ft deep and they can support the terrain well so it doesn\u2019t collapse. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We also have a pigeon pea crop. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I chose pigeon peas for various reasons: what I\u2019m doing here is slow terracing, which is a practice of making slow-forming terraces. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s a process that takes several years. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s adapted from practices that occur in Africa. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The way it works is that you grow strong and durable plants to create hedgerows and behind those plants you slowly build up compost and level it to create a terrace. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I also chose pigeon peas because they can withstand a drought. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pidgeon peas, only need 1 inch of water to grow and produce. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Right now it\u2019s rained a lot so my pigeon pea crop is overhydrated but during the last drought that we had, all the crops were dry except the pigeon peas. They were beautiful. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pigeon peas are also a national crop of Puerto Rico as well as food. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I\u2019m looking for crops that will serve various purposes at the same time. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is our compost. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is one of the key components to any agro ecological system. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s one of our primary source of nutrients along with certain plants that we call green fertilizers like: canavalia, crotalaria, etc. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The compost also provides airflow to the soil. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is a good example of the integration of different practices of conservation. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here we have lemongrass, which is an aromatic herb that we sell, use to make tea, food, etc. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The herb is also used as a natural pesticide. It\u2019s good against nematodes. This is why we have it around all the crops. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is mulch. We apply a layer to the surface of the soil. Sometimes it\u2019s made of shredded leaves, we\u2019ve also used straw. Right now we are using bark mulch because it was available to us.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I also have a small plant that many think is undergrowth but we use it because it is resilient. It is called \u201cFlor Escondida\u201d. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many people dispose of it but it is very nutritious, medicinal, and it cleans the kidneys. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is one of the plant varieties that we are trying to inform the public of its uses so it can be used again and regain its status as a \u201csuper food\u201d. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Right now we have a situation in Puerto Rico where we would like to increase agricultural production. But how do you inspire a new generation of people to dedicate their lives to something that is so hard to maintain. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s possible that what they plant will not grow because of these climate changes. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That\u2019s why there\u2019s a lot of anxiety over the subject. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recognizing the changes that are occurring, the Federal Department of Agriculture has taken on the task of educating and offering technical and financial assistance to our farmers so that they can prepare themselves for these climate changes and this way their activity has less effect on greenhouse gases.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We have a series of conservation programs and practices that are directed at conserving the environment. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We live on an island where we have a resource that many people take for granted, because it is something that we\u2019ve grown accustomed to but looking at other countries from Latin America where they don\u2019t have this resource; we notice the value of the internet. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You don\u2019t really think about it, but it\u2019s huge. All the answers to my questions are at the palm of my hand. Go online, search, the information is there. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Don\u2019t wait for someone to come with the answer to all your problems. Search because the information is there. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-jurd35mj-a8a0cc4ea59148767dfaa85efc58fa50 hr-default  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_toggle_container  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-2ylbbmm-717d269175508ca622ed76897034c8d2'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer and lender. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government. USDA do not necessarily endorse the views expressed in this video.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_2'  class='avia-section av-1ckmf6m-9cc3161f122f2e9e22a0159dcab43683 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-shadow  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-14878'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='av-social-sharing-box av-savf0e-0fe4a792d12ad91dc70b9e53dd38a56b av-social-sharing-box-default  avia-builder-el-13  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-social-sharing-box-fullwidth'><div class=\"av-share-box\"><h5 class='av-share-link-description av-no-toc '>Share this entry<\/h5><ul class=\"av-share-box-list noLightbox\"><li class='av-share-link 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